Articles of Confederation Revolutionary War Essay Sample free essay sample

Since the time the Revolutionary war. America had become a free state. Of class. they required a national specialists to keep up things all together. Not really good or bad. the Articles of Confederation was made as the primary exertion of a national specialists. In a collusion. the territories. keep up their sway. be that as it may, they consolidate in a co-ordinated way to cover with specific issues. This independency of each political territory is viewed as the central bit of leeway and boss hindrance of a coalition. Since the time the Articles of Confederation. numerous occupations had happened. For representation. there were a group of dept occupations. For example, taking care of the credits specialists had obtained. what's more, the cash to keep up a standing ground powers. Other than every territory had only had one voting form. what's more, that every area needed to hold for a statute to be passed. So at that place wasn’t really a dissemination for casting a ballot po wer. Be that as it may, in noxiousness of the considerable number of occupations. We will compose a custom article test on Articles of Confederation: Revolutionary War Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page the Articles of Confederation held a few triumphs. In this occasion. it was the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance. which made regional specialists. In this manner. the Articles of Confederation wasn’t that adequate. however, in some issue was adequate in work excursion the employments that defied the new state. One ground that the Articles of Confederation were non adequate in work trip the employments is that. it didn’t permit the national specialists income improvement. The specialists can’t back up the state. in the event that it didn’t can put income upgrades on imported merchandise. For delineation. there were numerous Americans who had battled during the war. furthermore, provided merchandise to the ground powers. They were given advance accreditations which had made them pause. where in the blink of an eye the Congress can take care of them. in any case, they fizzled. The Congress had owed 34 million to Americans and 10 million to outside pioneers. The little cash that the Congress made went to remote pioneers. Be that as it may, the Americans despite everything needed to hold up with the affirmations. To work out the activity. it was mentioned that there ought to be 5 percent income improvement on merchandise. so they can accomplish more cash. However, under the Articles of Confederation. the law is that each territory needed to hold. for the statute to be passed. Indeed, even the mass had casted a ballot yes. Rhode Island was the solitary territory. out of 13 regions. that had differ to this appeal. so the law couldn’t base on balls. Thusly. the state had gotten really imbalanced. furthermore, unsteady. Another activity was that the lack of troopers. the United States had. Due to the frail fundss. what's more, the little force the Congress had. the Continental ground powers wasn’t rewarded that incredible. Under the Articles of Confederation. the Congress had the approval to compose a Navy. furthermore, the regions could develop boats to fight privateness. Congress could other than set up a ground powers. be that as it may, it needed to set up on territory populace and distributed by area populace. In this manner occupations developed. There was supplement and vesture lacking. also, fillips and prizes vowed to the warriors were neer to the full paid. The Congress had vowed to permit them a long lasting annuity bing half there pat one time the war was finished. be that as it may, the guarantee was broken. By reason for every one of these occupations. everything had prompted Americans military power simply holding less than 700 fighters. In bit. the national movement couldnâ₠¬â„¢t really help. due to the financial employments. Despite the fact that the under the Articles of Confederation. US had seen numerous employments. it despite everything had a couple of achievements. In this occasion. the death of Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance. Congress had passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 to set up request in the West. The guideline had orchestrated that new western towns were to be 30 six detail mis square. with one square detail mi put in a safe spot for schools. Every open land were to unloaded to the most noteworthy bidders. turn excursion all Americans the chance to move and settle in the West. The Congress had later passed the Northwest Regulation of 1787 to set up a strategy for recognizing these regions to the Union as areas. Each area was to be represented by Congress until it had 5. 000 free while male. At that point pilgrims could cast a ballot whether to go an enduring region on equivalent as the various regions in the Union. Along these lines it was a triumph towards the state on the gr ounds that the two guidelines had made regional specialists. set up conventions for the permission of new areas. the division of land into utile units. what's more, put in a safe spot land in every township for open utilization. The Unites territories cardinal specialists was genuinely powerless under the Articles of Confederation. Regardless of whether it had victories, for example, the Land Ordinance and the Northwest Ordinance. there were a greater number of failings than triumphs. The state had been going through numerous employments like. non having the option to income upgrade. They had issue taking care of remote loaners. furthermore, a few Americans. Other than they couldn’t keep up a solid standing ground powers in view of the way they got rewarded. scarcely any supplement and clothes. because of financial occupations. The specialists was insecure. imbalanced. also, out of topographic point. Numerous individuals started to dissent. be that as it may, the National specialists couldn’t do anything. So prior or therefore. because of the reality of dread of uprisings brought about by the individuals. the Articles of Confederation was without further ado supplanted by the Constitution. In t his manner the Articles of Confederation weren’t as useful in work trip the employments the state had.

Personal Statement - For Texas A&M admission Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

- For Texas A&M affirmation - Personal Statement Example This will help me contribute decidedly to the worldwide vitality area, and the general public. Since the time my initial years, I have consistently had a solid assurance. This self discipline has empowered me to succeed uniformly in different fields. For example, I have taken an interest in science ventures from my initial instruction, a factor that has helped me create and enthusiasm for building. Furthermore, I additionally used to take an intrigue when my dad, a vehicle enthusiast, fixed his vehicle. Notwithstanding this interests being improbable for a young lady, this establishment built up my enthusiasm for building impacting my tendency to be an oil engineer. I am aggressive and certain about my life attempts. For example, I don't avoid the test of young men during science ventures. I accept that young ladies can likewise have an effect in the field of designing. This certainty has developed my desire to be an oil engineer. I trust I have the vital drive and desire to prevail in this field. In any case, for this to be a chance, admission to this regarded college is

External Environment Analysis of Walmart †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Do External Environment Analysis of Walmart? Answer: Presentation Wal-Mart is one of the biggest retailing chains on the planets grocery stores industry. This greatest chain of retailing stores is of 54 years of age. It is established by Sam Walton and His family is the present proprietor of the organization (Wal-Mart, 2017). Walmart is headquartered in Bentonville, Alaska, United states. It has caught the overall zone of the retailing china showcase. Besides, the organization has roughly 11,695 stores and 2.3 million representatives working under them in the entire world. There are four divisions of Walmart that is Global web based business, Walmart universal, Sams club and Walmart U.S. (Wal-Mart, 2017). Alongside this, organization has different auxiliaries that offers numerous items and administrations in addition to extended its business in a few nations with various names, for example, Walmart Canada, Walmart Mexico, Walmart Chile, Walmart de Mxico y Centroamrica, @WalmartLabs, Walmart Neighborhood Market, Asda, Amigo Supermarkets, Vudu, Massm art, Seiyu Group, Bompreo, Lder, Jet.com, Hayneedle, Moosejaw, ModCloth. The income before intrigue and assessment in 2016 were US$22.76Billion and all out incomes as US $ 13.64Billion (Wal-Mart, 2017). In this current case, inner and outside condition of the Walmart has been investigated utilizing various instruments and methods, for example, 7 S McKinseys model, Porters esteem china methodology, Porters nonexclusive model for upper hand and Porters five power model alongside SWOT examination and PESTEL examination (Harrison and St. John, 2009). This investigation will investigate the whole key administration of Walmart stores with the view on the way of life and structure of the association. Outside and inside variables that impact the Walmarts position in the holding business and nearby markets of US are additionally being explored in the ebb and flow look into. Accordingly, this examination is basic in breaking down the general idea of the executives and related procedures which has given a wide accomplishment to Walmart. Inner Environment Analysis of Walmart This segment is looking at the target and objectives of Walmart with the assistance of McKinsey examination to insight concerning the abilities and capabilities of an association that involves the examination of Share esteem Strategy, Structure, System, Style, Staff and Skill (Furrer, 2010). In addition, the worth china investigation and organizations culture will be represented in this examination. What's more, area will investigate quality and shortcomings and systems that helped the organization in accomplishing upper hand of the organization as underneath: 7S McKinseys Model This model empowers a client to decide and break down the abilities and capabilities of the association. It examines improvement zones where the top administration can concentrate on the craving of the clients and assembling items in like manner. Alongside this, it helps in increment in the presentation and benefit of the organization (Filho, et. al., 2010). It likewise helps organization in change of the board, for example, obtaining and merger. Moreover, 7S McKinsey model gives data about the close to changes later on and investigates the chance to execute the adept techniques as per the circumstance. In the event of Walmart, 7S McKinsey Model is portrayed to examine the inside condition of the association as follows: Offer worth: Values and crucial the association is one of the most significant viewpoints that gives the objective to the organization and make base for all other six Ss (Davies and Ellison, 2003). It grasps hierarchical culture, group culture, and work culture of Walmart which is establishment of solidarity of the association. It includes hard working attitudes and corporate culture (Wal-Mart, 2017). The vision articulation of Walmart is To be the best retailer in the heart and heart of purchasers and representatives. The companys objective is offering different subjective types of assistance to the client with a low spending plan. Walmart has a mutual incentive in the regions like neighborhood network, opportunity and manageability. System: the organization has relevant spotlight on lessening the expense of the items and administrations offered to clients. Walmart tends to encourage all the items in a solitary rooftop to purchasers and with a most reduced cost from different retailers (Janet, et. al., 2015). It likewise cooks adaptable and propelled method of shopping. The organization has a dream to develop and grow in each countrys retail industry as a system. Structure: the organization plays out its administration of framework and whole control and observing of the association from headquarter at Bentonville (Wal-Mart, 2017). Walmart doesnt have any territorial office and has a geographic structure. The organization has a proper structure with specific undertakings. The methodology for structure of organization is robotic. Framework: Low costs technique is the premise and mission of Walmart to accomplish in everyday activities. To make the tasks adaptable combination of data innovation helps the organization at the hour of retail location (Janet, et. al., 2015). With the end goal of speed conveyance and lessen the wastage and inventories, the organization has joined data innovation system and PCs in the store. The arrangement of association additionally controls and screens the gauges and approaches joined with the HRM framework and RFID framework which ought to be executed viably. Style: a solid administration style and the executives style is basic for the organization like Walmart on the grounds that its business is extended and has different office to work (Filho, et. al., 2010). The organization ought to likewise consider making and keeping up its style by looking into and evolving styles. Also, for advantageous working of tasks, the organization ought to consider to deal with staff holes. Staff: Walmart has tremendous workers around the globe and the board with representative fulfillment is a need of the organization. Alongside this, their occupations and duties are obviously characterized by the administration which is skillful with the present prerequisites (Filho, et. al., 2010). Preparing projects and improvement programs additionally encouraged for every division. Execution estimation with the standard inputs is additionally important to survey staff the executives and their work design. Organization additionally energizes womens strengthening at a worldwide level. Ability: One of the most widely recognized aptitude challenges is work designation to the reasonable representative. In this manner, Walmart has additionally this issue and prescribed to shorten this issue to coordinate the individual aptitudes with the profile of the activity (Janet, et. al., 2015). Also, to propel representatives as a solid chief, methodologies like thankfulness, compensates and empowering exercises ought to be taken for powerful and effective cooperation. Organization considers high specialized talented workers for their activities and capacities. Doormen Value Chain Analysis Worth chain examination gives scientific structure to accomplish upper hand and investigation of significant worth creation in the business exercises (Mason and Evans, 2015). Watchmen esteem chain examination is isolated into two sections that is essential and bolster movement and related division inside these exercises are coordinations, tasks, showcasing, deals and administration just as firm framework, HR, innovation improvement and acquirement that gives a sensible edge (Mason and Evans, 2015). Walmart esteem chain is powerful and productive that deals with the most reduced cost of the organization guarantees the serious edge to the organization as cost pioneer in the retailing business sector of U.S. point by point assessment of the worth chain of Wal-Mart is as per the following: Essential Activities Inbound coordinations: Suppliers of about half Wal-Mart items are from Overseas and non-store stock of Wal-Mart.com has 75% of the item deals (Wal-Mart, 2017). The inbound calculated depend on the three essentials that is least utilization of connections related with the gracefully chain, advancement of new organization with different merchants and utilizing stock methodologies like cross docking. The organization wants to oversee it flexibly fasten activity with legitimately to the producers instead of any neighborhood provider (Jolibert, et al. 2012). It has encouraged hopeful outcomes to the organization as t is checked on in huge numbers of the past articles and diaries which demonstrates this case. The organization is perseveringly improving its gracefully chain the executives and holding the market position as a viable cost the executives in esteem chain methodology. What's more, the arrangement of the organization is solid and not in any way adaptable with colleagues. The hagg ling intensity of sellers is solid in Wal-Mart which guarantees its upper hand over different firms (Mason and Evans, 2015). The organization consistently frames a key association considering manageability prospect and high volume purchasing of items in a lower cost from the providers. Additionally, the stacking and emptying techniques are truly adaptable for the truck drivers. Railroad vehicles and semi-trailer trucks are utilized to move material starting with one spot then onto the next and there is no other stockpiling community in the middle of the exchange from inbound and outbound truck. Tasks: Wal-Mart works in excess of 27 nations on the planet and has around 11250 stores the world over. More than 2.3 Million clients are being offered its items and administrations every week (Wal-Mart, 2017). Organization has wide scope of operational divisions, for example, supercenters, markets, hypermarkets, distribution center clubs, including strength hardware, Sams Clubs, cafés, home improvement, advanced retail, clothing stores, money convey, comfort stores and medication stores. Chiefly organization has remarkable three divisions that contribute greatest gaining to the organization including Wal-Mart U.S., Wal-Mart worldwide and Sams Club (Wal-Mart, 2017). The organization capacities around 50 states in US and all the stores are associated with the computerized retailing office. Moreover, Porto Rica and Was

Developing Leaders at UPS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creating Leaders at UPS - Assignment Example Likewise, Jovita utilized her abilities and information to advance in future which came out positive for her. She concentrated on her individual turn of events and with the progression of time; she picked up experience which helped her to turn into a fruitful pioneer. As a pioneer, she took difficulties paying little heed to the outcomes and concentrated on gaining from the encounters of others. As indicated by her, perception and staying near gifted workers helped her to increase a serious edge in the market. She realized when to utilize her authority style in which circumstance. Fundamentally, Jovita’s approach can be surrounded as a situational pioneer who acts as indicated by the circumstance. Furthermore, she concentrated for the most part on growing great relations with her subordinates. A decent pioneer consistently centers around building great relations with his friends, representatives and subordinates. She empowered dynamic cooperation of her representatives, roused them and helped them to improve their aptitudes through preparing and advancement programs. A decent pioneer consistently centers around growing high correspondence with the workers, more noteworthy collaboration association and gives them space to act and carry on inside a specific breaking point. Jovita adhered to similar standards which helped her to turn into an effective innovator in the corporate universe of UPS.... Without these three fundamental components, it is difficult to accomplish development in the winding of understanding. Answer 3: Some of the aptitudes that Jovita Carranza showed in her profession as an effective pioneer may be: 1-Cognitive capacity: Jovita had both crude scholarly torque and mental adaptability (Hughes, Ginnett, and Curphy 2012). She joined UPS when she was prepared to take her abilities to next level. As indicated by her, knowledge and adaptability empower an individual to prepare one’s aptitudes. It was her adaptability and readiness to discover that helped her to accomplish her objectives both by and by and expertly. Pioneers gain from the encounters of others and by trying different things with their practices. 2-Strategic Thinking: Strategic reasoning has caused Carranza to increase worldwide intensity and an edge over different rivals in the market. She realized how to capitalize on her aptitudes and thinking capacity. Pioneers know to contend with diff erent players in the market by taking advantage of their initiative potential. 3-Analytical Ability: Jovita Carranza worked in various locales with various representatives from enhanced foundations and under various circumstances. This helped her to create scientific capacity to break down various circumstances and afterward to act distinctively as per the prerequisite. Likewise, it helped her to know the specific circumstance and the arrangement through her earlier working involvement with various areas. 4-As depicted by Jovita, it is difficult to settle on trustworthy choices and winning impression without energy to learn and without taking difficulties, particularly when one is dubious about the outcomes. These are the characteristics of a genuine pioneer to take

Health and disease in human populations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wellbeing and infection in human populaces - Essay Example This paper diagrams the risks of agribusiness on wellbeing with respect to maladies, diseases, and work perils; and will plot the advantages of ranch creation by investigating food security, physical and emotional wellness, and social conditions. As indicated by Schenker (661-664), cultivating includes contact to an assortment of respiratory poisons presenting ranchers to different respiratory conditions. This incorporates contact to natural tidies through grain taking care of and encased creature taking care of ways. For instance, ranchers that keep an enormous number animals can spend extended periods of time in kept offices presenting them to natural residue. Grain soil is likewise inorganic residue and grains like sorghum give off an impression of being the most connected with respiratory side effects. Ranchers chance presented to bacterial, microbial, parasitic life forms and harmful gases. Inorganic earth is for the most part soil segment and has a significant level of silica. This hazard is related chiefly with ranchers in dry districts. Substance harming is another hazard joined to cultivating rehearses. When not appropriately utilized can prompt demise through harming. Cost of clinical consideration, decreased effici ency can be high. In new nations, prosperity dangers identified with cultivating concoction items are having high odds of event. Ranchers in creating nations do not have the information on legitimate utilization of homestead synthetic substances and administrative frameworks of synthetics. Synthetic substances utilized in agribusiness cause metal harming to normal wellsprings of water. This can make monstrous wellbeing dangers for populaces that live in those regions. Agribusiness rehearses give proliferation spots to malady and advance parasite life span; cause loss of basic raider species that control parasites expanding man-vector contact (Agricultural Development and Vector-Borne Diseases, 16). This incorporates parasites like mosquitoes. Water system plans, crops developed, compound sources of info would all be able to prompt the advancement of rearing of vectors that cause infection. Offices

A Readers Guide to Lesser-Known LGBT Favorites

A Reader’s Guide to Lesser-Known LGBT Favorites Currently based out of Vancouver, British Columbia, Rachel  Rosenberg is a library technician and published writer; at 14, a short story of hers appeared in Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul 2 and she can therefore be considered a literary equivalent to the little redheaded girl from 1982’s film adaptation of Annie. She has produced freelance articles, creative nonfiction essays and short stories. I’m very excited that Andrew Sean Greer’s Less recently won The Pulitzer Prize. The novel’s win surprised me because the book can basically be described as a queer romantic comedy, and Pulitzer winning books bring to mind books like Jeffrey Eugenides’s Middlesex or Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Large, physically heavy books about important social issues. I finished Less in two days and loved it enough to recommend to everyone I know via social media. It’s a fun, romantic, sometimes sad romp that takes our narrator, Arthur Less, across the world and back again. It brings up interesting points about writing, aging, and love. Maybe after you finish reading Less you’ll want some more wonderful LGBT reads? Here are some recommendations of books to help you feel the Arthur Lessâ€"shaped hole in your queer little heart. The Object of My Affection by Stephen McCauley Made into a cute movie staring Jennifer Aniston and Paul Rudd, the book is a total delight. The plot is that George and Nina are best buds living together when Nina suddenly gets pregnant. She breaks up with her overbearing boyfriend and asks George to raise the child with her; George, who is gay, assumed that he’d never have a child and is happy to take on this opportunity to find some more love. And then, complications ensue. A sweet, light novel with great characters that tells a warm and witty story about finding your own way to make a family. Stir Fry by Emma Donoghue Maria is 17 and has moved to Dublin for university. While looking for an apartment, she comes across an ad that states “2 ? seek flatmate. No bigots. Turns out the roommates are a lesbian couple, a fact that she realizes only after moving in with them. Ahh, youth. The story definitely falls under coming-of-age, as she struggles with to make sense of the lesbian relationship  (Dublin in the 90s was not a big place for diversity). It’s a well-written, cozy read. Girl Meets Boy by Ali Smith A modernized retelling of Ovid’s myth of Iphis: a woman disguises her daughter as a man, leading to the daughter eventually transforming into a man. Ali Smith sets her tale in Glasgow and London, as it alternates between sisters Imogen and Anthea. Anthea falls in love with a woman, while Imogen tries to understand her sister’s new relationship while also fighting her own battles with self-esteem. If you’ve read Smith before and found her too experimental, this is probably one of her more accessible reads but, make no mistake, her brilliant wordplay still fills the pages. The World Unseen by Shamim Sharif There was a movie of this one, too! A gorgeously written book about two Indian women living in South Africa; Marim is a stay-at-home mother, while Amina is a nonconformist who has started up a cafe with a black man, Jacob. The two women fall in love despite the fact that it is the 50s and Apartheid is still very much going on, and I appreciate the gradual way that their relationship blossoms. The stakes are high, which makes the romance even foxier, and I like that the novel shows how racism affects Jacob and other characters at well, foregoing focussing exclusively Amina and Marim. A really wonderful read that I won’t soon forgot.   Hello Darling, Are You Working? By Rupert Everett Did you know what actor Rupert Everett wrote novels? Well, if you don’t, I’m happy to tell you about this one. Everett brings us along on the madcap hijinks of a struggling ex-soap opera star named Rhys Waveral. Newly broke and between roles, Rhys realizes that he’s on the verge of being expelled from his hotel suite home and that he has to find a new way to make money. Enter: male hustling. The novel is fast-paced and glib, full of glamorous parties and reckless drug use. It was published in 1994 and I probably read it a few years after that, and the damn thing has stayed with me since. A weird, silly read. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Inner Workings of a Serial Killer - Free Essay Example

Serial killers have long been of interest to American popular culture as well as criminal psychologists. A serial killer is defined as an individual who commits three or more acts of murder over an extended period of time (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Typically, these killings involve the sexual assault of their victims as well as sadistic acts of torture. These men and women who commit these extreme and prolonged acts of violence are important yet difficult to study. Due to the rarity of serial killers, more research needs to be done to further the existing scholarship regarding serial killers. Serial killers are an extreme example of the behavior that can arise from people who have anti-social personality disorder. Not only does the presence of a personality disorder influence their actions, but biological and social processes have an impact on whether a person will engage in this severe level of killings. Sometimes these murders are calculated and victims are chosen to fit a desired killing type, or victims are chosen due to opportunity. These serial killers can be charismatic and charming, such as Ted Bundy, or isolated and detached like Jeffrey Dahmer. The factors that aid in the making of a serial killer are complex and involve specific psychological aspects of personality, biological processes, and negative environmental stresso rs. The presence of anti-social personality disorder is one of the main psychological indicators that a person is at risk for engaging in serial killings (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). Individuals who have anti-social personality disorders have a persistent disregard for human life (Kring, Johnson, Davidson, Neale, 2016). They feel almost no empathy for their victims and may know that what they are doing is wrong, but they continue to kill regardless of the consequences. Not all people who are diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder will become a serial killer, but most serial killers have an anti-social personality disorder diagnosis (Culhane, Hilstad, Freng Gray, 2011). According to the DSMV, the criteria for anti-social personality disorder is age at least 18 with an evidence of conduct disorder before age 15, and a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others since the age of 15, as shown by at least three of the following: repeated law breaking, deceitfulness, lying, im pulsivity, irritability and aggressiveness, reckless disregard for own safety and that of others, irresponsibility as seen in unreliable employment or financial history, and lack of remorse (Kring, Johnson, Davidson, Neale, 2016). The combination of these criteria puts an individual at risk for committing serial murders. Another important psychological element to serial killers is psychopathy. Psychopathy involves the continuous violation of the rights of others, as well as a complete disregard for such rights (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). It also involves a lack of empathy with the feelings of others and a lack of remorse for any offence or injury to others, as well as an inflated self-concept and superficial charm (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). This psychopathy is seen in the brutal nature of the killings as serial killers have little to no regard for the harm that they inflict on their victims. The victims are seen as a means for the serial killer to gain some sense of satisfaction, typically sexual satisfaction (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). In addition, serial killers lack any real empathy, so their emotions are purely manipulative (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). For example, serial killer Ted Bundy used his charismatic attitude to give his victims a sense of comfort, which then allowed him to lure them to their deaths. Psycho pathy is a personality dimension that is prevalent in most serial killers but not all (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). Narcissism is another dimension of personality that is seen in serial killers. Narcissists believe that they are special and important and must be treated as such. Narcissist have a need for admiration and recognition of their importance, and when this attention is not given, they can become quite upset. Similar to psychopathy, narcissism consists of a lack of empathy for others (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). However, there is a distinction between the two as psychopaths percieve other people as objects for self-gratification, whereas narcissists need to establish a sense of their superiority over others and demand admiration (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). This feature of narcissism is prevalent in many serial offenders (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). The desire for admiration in serial killers is seen through the exhibitionistic behaviors of some serial offenders (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). For example, Australian serial killer John Glover boasted of his self-perceived superior intellectual abilities despite no t having a college degree and having a below average IQ. Serial killers who exhibit narcissistic tendencies feel great pride for their kills and this pride is exemplified when publicly recognized by police or news outlets. This is used as a tactic by law enforcement to trick the killer into revealing more information. This was seen in the case of Edmund Kemper, as the more praise Kemper received for the ingenuity of his offences, the more information he would reveal (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). Understanding the elements of narcissism are not only important for the reasonings behind serial killers actions, but can also be used to apprehend them. Sadism is another important psychological element to a serial killers personality. Sadism is when an individual takes pleasure in harming others, and some may even experience sexual gratification watching their victims suffer (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). Not all sadists are serial killers, as not all kill their victims, but instead use psychological torture and manipulation to satisfy their urges. Sadists use a variety of methods to inflict damage on their victims. Some common examples would be taking away the autonomy and free will of their victims or physically torturing their victims (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). Jeffrey Dahmer is a well-known sadistic serial killer. Dahmer brutally tortured and killed his victims. In addition to this physical torture, Dahmer inflicted psychological torture on his community. At a search party for one of the missing persons he murdered, he served soup that he made with the human remains of his victims. While the personality dimensions of anti-social personality disorder, psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism, consist of diagnostic differences, they all function towards the psychology of the serial offender (Kocsis Irwin, 1998). The biological processes behind serial killers are also important to note. Certain developmental and intellectual disabilities have recently been associated with serial offenders. Autism spectrum disorder may play a role in an individual becoming a serial offender. Criminal psychologists are advocating for the new diagnosis of Autistic psychopathy, which would function as a subcategory of Aspergers syndrome (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Research suggests that Autistic Psychopathy may trigger the incentive of some of these serial killers (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). The question of whether there is a connection between ASD and extreme violence is still unanswered because empirical research investigating offenders with Autism Spectrum Disorders is relatively rare (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). There is also research supporting neuro-chemical imbalances and aggression. Low serotoninergic activity has been linked to imp ulsive, self-destructive violence, while an increase in synaptic serotonin levels have been linked to aggression (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). The increase of dopamine and norepinephrine also will heighten aggression. Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is an enzyme that is associated in the metabolism of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine and its levels are genetically determined (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Men with low MAO-A activity are three times more likely to be convicted of a violent crime by the time they are 26 years old than men with high MAO-A activity (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Hypoglycemia is also associated with impulsive, violent behavior, and the link may be mediated via serotonergic mechanisms and alcohol consumption. (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Individuals who have the biological predisposition for aggression and violent behaviors will be more likely to commit serial mur ders. It is also suggested that individuals who suffer from head injuries will be more likely to commit violent criminal offences (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Anti-social personality disorder and many of the other personality dimensions that are found in serial killers are genetic. The biological risk factors mentioned above put these individuals at a significantly greater risk for developing into a serial murderer. In addition to the biological and social factors, environmental influences also have an important impact on the making of serial killers. In a study of more than 60 serial murderers, researchers found that psychological and/or physical abuse was a prevalent trait of serial killers childhoods (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). Not all children who suffer from abuse will become serial killers, but childhood emotional and physical trauma can be an influential factor in serial offenders. In a group of 62 male serial killers, 48% had been rejected as children by a parent or some other important person in their lives (Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, Gillberg, 2014). In many cases, serial killers faced extreme abuse as children and grew up in environments with little nurturing or comfort. Children are more likely to thrive emotionally if there are positive interactions with their parents (Culhane, Hilstad, Freng Gray, 2011). The children who live in abusive and neglect ful households on average have more behavioral and emotional problems, which in extreme cases can lead to serial murders (Culhane, Hilstad, Freng Gray, 2011). Some serial killers may also face bullying and teasing from their peers. For example, serial killer Ronald Dominique was bullied for many years for being gay (Forsyth, 2015). He explains that this bullying over his sexuality resulted in him having many negative thoughts regarding his sexuality. Dominique raped and murdered over 23 men, most of whom were male prostitutes (Forsyth, 2015). These violent crimes against gay men could be a result of the severe bullying that Dominique faced as a teen for being a homosexual. Serial killer Edmund Kemper faced emotional and physical abuse from his mother. He was constantly ostracized in his family and was forced to sleep in the garage, and oftentimes his mother would restrict his food or water. Kemper developed a strong hatred for women and brutally raped, beat, and tortured ten women (Forsyth, 2015). His mother and grandmother were two of his victims (Forsyth, 2015). The environmental and social aspects of an individuals life have important consequences on behavior, and in the cases of extreme abuse and social ridicule, these factors can aid in the development of serial offenders. The treatment for serial killers is extremely difficult as most do not undergo therapy until they are incarcerated. Due to the nature of these serial offenders, most do not want to undergo treatment as it means that they will need to stop their killings (Culhane, Hilstad, Freng Gray, 2011). The most common forms of treatment include mood stabilizers, such as anti-psychotics and social skills training (Kring, Johnson, Davidson Neale, 2016). However, the combination of these treatments may not be effective, due to the lack of empathy and regard for others that serial offenders exhibit. There are a variety of factors which go into the creation of a serial killer. These violent offenders are rare, but usually generate a sizable interest among the public. The psychological, biological, and environmental elements are complex and work together to create the behavioral and compulsive response to calculated multiple killings. When trying to understand the inner workings of a serial killer it is important to note the individual interactions of the dimensions of ones personality, their specific biological processes, and well as the presence of negative environmental and social factors.

Louisa Adams, First Lady 1825 - 1829

Known  for:  Only foreign-born First Lady Dates:  February 12, 1775 - May 15, 1852  Occupation: First Lady of the United States 1825 - 1829 Married to: John Quincy Adams Also known as: Louisa Catherine Johnson, Louisa Catherine Adams, Louise Johnson Adams About Louisa Adams Louisa Adams was born in London, England, making her the only US First Lady who was not born in America. Her father, a Maryland businessman whose brother signed the Bush Declaration of Support for Independence (1775), was the American consul in London; her mother, Catherine Nuth Johnson, was English. She studied in France and in England. Marriage She met American diplomat John Quincy Adams, son of American founder and future president John Adams,  in 1794. They were married on July 26, 1797, despite the disapproval of the grooms mother, Abigail Adams. Immediately after the marriage, Louisa Adams father became bankrupt. Motherhood and Move to America After several miscarriages, Louisa Adams bore her first child, George Washington Adams. At that time, John Quincy Adams was serving as Minister to Prussia. Three weeks later, the family returned to America, where John Quincy Adams practiced law and, in 1803, was elected a US Senator. Two more sons were born in Washington, DC. Russia In 1809, Louisa Adams and their youngest son accompanied John Quincy Adams to St. Petersburg, where he served as Minister to Russia, leaving their older two sons to be raised and educated by John Quincy Adams parents. A daughter was born in Russia, but died at about a year old. In all, Louisa Adams was pregnant fourteen times. She miscarried nine times and one child was stillborn. She later blamed her long absence for the early deaths of the two older sons. Louisa Adams took up writing to keep her mind off her grief. In 1814, John Quincy Adams was called away on a diplomatic mission and, the next year, Louisa and her youngest son traveled in winter from St. Petersburg to France -- a risky and, as it turned out, challenging journey of forty days. For two years, the Adams lived in England with their three sons. Public Service in Washington On returning to America, John Quincy Adams became Secretary of State and then, in 1824, President of the United States, with Louisa Adams making many social calls to help him get elected. Louisa Adams disliked the politics of Washington and was fairly quiet as a First Lady. Just before the end of her husbands term in office, their oldest son died, perhaps by his own hands. Later the next oldest son died, probably as a result of his alcoholism. From 1830 to 1848, John Quincy Adams served as a Congressman. He collapsed on the floor of the House of Representatives in 1848. A year later Louisa Adams suffered a stroke. She died in 1852 in Washington, DC, and was buried in Quincy, Massachusetts, with her husband and her in-laws, John and Abigail Adams. Memoirs She wrote two unpublished books about her own life, with details about life around her in Europe and Washington: Record of My Life in 1825, and The Adventures of a Nobody in 1840. Places:   London, England; Paris, France; Maryland; Russia; Washington, D.C.; Quincy, Massachusetts Honors: When Louisa Adams died, both houses of Congress adjourned for the day of her funeral. She was the first woman so honored.

The Effects Of Water On The Water Of Water Essay - 1002 Words

Water is a very important resource, every life depends on fresh water to survive. There are three per cent of fresh water of the world’s water and all life on earth can only depends on half of it. Water has become a very fragile resources because, people have damaged the water bodies badly from the use of chemicals, irrigation to household. Consequently, these reasons have severely affected the water, the environment and many lives on earth. Industrial wastes link to a significant cause of damaging waterbodies. It associates with the building of the dams and the chemicals waste from the industries. Dams have built to generate electricity for cities, but it also blocks the water flow of the rivers. For example, the dam that was built in West Africa in the Volta River blocked the river’s annual flows of up to 4 times (Middleton, 2012). Additionally, Industries sometimes do not store their chemical substances carefully and it might drip into the river, whereas some industries directly eject the used chemical straight into the waterbodies. For example, the Taiwanese government suggest that many big industries have expelled 100 tons of untreated liquid chemical substance by pouring it into one of the island’s longest rivers, the Kaoping (Agoramoorthy Hsu, 2000). The chemicals substances that damage waterbodies are not just comes from the industrial wastes, however it also related to the chemicals use in agricul ture and from household. Agriculture require highly amount of waterShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drinking Water On The Water1448 Words   |  6 Pagesinstructor told me that there is only about 0.7% available as fresh drinkable water. I understand the importance of water which is what got me thinking about ways to increase that percentage of the fresh drinking water in the world. I was walking on the Lenape trail next to Mill Pond, which is a local trail, and I saw the water did not look very clean because it is township property and the township may not be able to clean the water. So I decided that I would help clean the pond, but how? I did someRead MoreThe Effect Of Water On The Concentration Of Water1639 Words   |  7 PagesWater is a polar molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electron density. Water is a hydrogen bonding compound as it has a partially negative charge near the oxygen atom due the unshared pairs of electrons and has a partially positive charge near the hydrogen atoms; it is because of these â€Å"polar bonds† that contribute to water’s many properties. Water is generally is referred to as a universal solvent because more substances dissolve in water than any other chemical due to theRead MoreThe Effect Of Salinity On The Water Of Water Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesin a body of water . Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and the capac ity of heat in the water. Under researchable conditions, pure water contains only oxygen and hydrogen molecules, but in the real world, many substances are often dissolved in water, like salt andRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Quality On The Water Supply Of Drinking Water1174 Words   |  5 PagesParagraph #1 - Background: Water is perhaps the most important component of any ecosystem. All living organisms need water to grow and survive. As human population continues to grow, we need to understand and determine the effects our habits will have on the ecosystems and our water supply. Four factors that can affect the quality and importance of water are its abilities as a solvent, dipolar, benefits and costs. 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LaurenRead MoreThe Effects Of Drinking Water On Water Quality1483 Words   |  6 PagesDrinking water is a simple idea but such a hard process to master. The water in our lakes and rivers is not safe to drink due to the toxins from vehicles, industrial plants, and natural sources. It is sad how much we take drinking water for granted. In many countries around the world, they do not have easy access to drinking water like we do here in America. In today’s society, when we receive water from a lake or river, it must be treated and cleaned before people can drink it. The drinking water qualityRead MoreThe Effect Of Nutrient Water On Water Source956 Words   |  4 Pagesmining and runoff, phosphorous is able to enter our water sources much more quickly. There is also a small amount of deposition that may occur from the atmosphere to the water. The most common human source of phosphorous is urban and agricultural runoff. (Mahaney, Wendy. September 22†¦) In Saratoga Springs there is a concentration of residential and urban infrastructure, which is a source of runoff into Loughberry Lake and other surrounding waters. Fertilizers and manure also contain high amounts ofRead MoreThe Effect Of Water On Water Supply Systems830 Words   |  4 PagesCubed, and Gary Fiske Associates, 2013. Analysis of Water Use Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarking. Funded by Bureau of Reclamation. Mesa Water District, USA AL-Washali, T., Sharma, S., Kennedy, M., 2016. Methods of Assessment of Water Losses in Water Supply Systems: A Review. Water Resources Management. In press. DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1503-7 American Water Works Association (AWWA), 2009. Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Manual of Water Supply Practices, M36. (3rd ed.), AWWA Publication,

Marxist Approach to History and Politics - 2584 Words

Outline and assess the main aspects of Marx’s approach to understanding history and politics. Over 150 years after they were first coined, The Labour Theory of Value, Class Antagonisms and the Means of Production are all terms which are central to the revolutionary ideals of Karl Marx and are still widely used and referred to in contemporary political thought. However, when considering how one can assess the Marxist paradigm on history and politics, there must be an understanding of the circumstances in which Karl Marx, one of the greatest political thinkers of the 19th century, was faced with. As many great political thinkers before and after him, Marx’s political ideology was partly shaped by his experiences, and is arguably the†¦show more content†¦Marx suggests that this class antagonism was built upon by the bourgeoisie during the Feudal Ages and has continued to expand beyond all recognition, to encompass a ‘dehumanising and alienating’ market which has paved the way for what Marx describes as modern bourgeois society â€Å"conjuring up su ch giant means of production and of exchange, like a sorcerer that is no longer able to control the powers of the nether world whom he has called up by his spells† . The means of production that Marx is referring to include creating machinery, application of chemistry to agriculture, electrification of railways and steam navigation, with means of exchange referring to capital and investment. The rationale behind Marx’ theory of class struggle was that the whole landscape and namely infrastructure was determined by the political elites, and that the economic conditions were inextricably linked to the bourgeois dominated values and laws and their â€Å"system of appropriation† . The solution or as Marx saw it, the inevitable result of the bourgeois domination of society was revolution, and the destruction of all remnants of bourgeois society by the proletariat. He believed when the time was right, and the material conditions were right (when the subordinate class b ecame aware of their rightful labour proceeds) then the proletariat would rise up, accompanied by the petty bourgeois and assume control of all property land andShow MoreRelatedA Marxist Evaluation Of Feminism And Gender Equality Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesA Marxist evaluation of feminism and gender equality is another failure of the Neo-Marxist system to generate any serious change in a neoliberal capitalistic model. Feminism, since the 1970s, has become a subjective and distorted version of what it was meant to be—a system that sought to raise the rights of women out of the home (as domestic servants) and into the workplace. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the idea of Marxism as a system of economic analysis for women to dissect the inequalitiesRead MoreThe African Historiography Of Africa Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagestime for some historians to acknowledge that Africa even had a history, when they would much rather believe that Africa was a timeless state with little to no past. This thinking was the result of history only being considered a written account of past events, and since Africans did not develop a widespread form of writing their history the general belief was that African historiography has no place in the world. This lack of African history in the eyes of the Westerners resulted in Africa being labeledRead MoreEssay on China1403 Words   |  6 PagesChina   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of China is embeded with revolution and tension dating back to the feudal periods and the first unified Chinese empire under Qi Shi Huang Di in 221 B.C. The Confucianism ideology entrenched in the minds of the Chinese people with its conservative base and the need to achieve harmony in society has yet to be reached and most likely, never will. The proletariat is at the heart of the Marxist-Maoist approach to politics and the basic way of life for the ChineseRead MoreThe Major Problems That International Relations1639 Words   |  7 Pagescauses it? War is a state of armed conflict between different states or different groups within a country. War can take on many forms including world, inter-state, intra-state or revolutionary. In order to figure what causes wars, a theoretical approach is useful to expand our understanding and perspective on the issue. The three theoretical approaches we will explore in this paper are Realism, Liberalism and Marxism. These three approaches are chosen due to their verity as well as how vast theirRead MoreA Functional Understanding Of Historical And Social Context1484 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the evaluation of history, there are a variety of components essential to developing a functional understanding of historical and social context: to look to the future, we must look to the past, and to explore the present, we must think about the potential of the future. This jux taposition of past, present and future, or the combination of empiricism and logic thought, constitutes dialectical materialism, requiring an examination of the end-goal to determine the means of societalRead MoreMarxism And The State : An Analytical Approach Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesSpecialist Group. Some of his work in Marxist politics theory are a book, Marxism and the State: An Analytical Approach (Wetherly, 2005); a chapter in the book, â€Å"Can Capitalists Use the State to Serve Their General Interests?† (Wetherly, 2008); and some journal articles such as In all essentials wrong ?: Miliband’s critique of pluralism revisited† (Studies in Marxism, 2013); â€Å"The theory of the state in Cohen s functional interpretation of Marx s theory of history† (Science and Society, 2006); â€Å"MarxismRead MoreExploring Political Issues1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe management of the Celtic Tiger seen through Elitist and Marxist Approaches Ireland’s economy developed dramatically during the 1990s, and was referred to as the â€Å"Celtic Tiger† - an analogous term for the East Asian Tigers. As a member of the EC, foreign investors saw Ireland as a potential platform to launch their products into Europe. Also, there was a lower corporate tax rate, a skilled workforce and improved economic management. While the country did, at the time of the CelticRead MoreThe Socialization And Dilution Of Marxist Theory Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSocialization and Dilution of Marxist Theory in the Post-WWII Era In Antonio Gramsci’s â€Å"Hegemonic Theory† in The Prison Notebooks, the Neo-Marxist ideology of cultural and social monopolies is the underlying source of bourgeoisie corruption and economic dysfunction. Gramsci‘s view of capitalist fascist ideology had failed to understand the complexity of capitalism as a system that dominated academia, the mass media, and other forms of institutionalization that co-opted Marxist leftists movements in theRead MoreMarxist Approach to Media1684 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe the Marxist approach to the media and discuss its strengths and weaknesses (In modern society the main influence over the population comes from the state, which forms its understandings and beliefs.)Nowadays society is influenced by the state which forms its understandings and beliefs. However, a few decades ago the state was more insignificant and the control of peoples ideas and perceptions belonged to the so-called capitalists (or dominant class) who exercised their power over a subordinateRead More International Organizations1664 Words   |  7 Pagestake on any global issue (Pease, 2012). This qualifies NATO because over the years the organization has participated in several international war related issues such as the Korean War and the Cold War. Most recently, NATO, for the first time in history had to engage Article 5 of the treaty after the 9/11 attacks in New York City and the no-fly zone in the country of Libya. The other kind of International Organization (IO) is the NGO which are primarily non-profit private organizations that engage

Essay on Declaration of Independence Evaluation - 700 Words

Thomas Jefferson was one our nation’s founding fathers. Prior to being elected America’s third president, Jefferson was selected to draft the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson had visions of a nation independent of the British hold that was grasping our country at that time. With beautiful, flowing words and true foresight into the future, Jefferson used the appeal of Ethos, Pathos and Logos. Thomas Jefferson vision for this country was well represented in the writing as he wrote it before the fifty-six other signatures declared America’s independence. Our third president, born in 1743, was not just a public servant but also a historian, husband and father. Of course, he was also a slave owner, which in Virginia was the norm†¦show more content†¦To the audience abroad, the Kingdom of Great Britain viewed these bold words as not just a declaration of independence, but an act of war against the Kingdom. Emotions on high because of words on a pap er and there was no other way Jefferson could be so effective. â€Å"We mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor† (Declaration), were words to culminate a long, emotionally engaging declaration, and then signed by representatives of the original thirteen states. A basic breakdown of this document reveals the intentions were to make specific statements as to why the people of this new country have been wronged by King and to declare, literally, our independence. That after several arguments for logic and after being refused to be heard the only true logical outcome now was for these lands and men to be independent of Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson as well as all the signing founding fathers were not unaware that this declaration would surely instigate conflict on our land. A war that would not be easily be won, with several casualties. This was presumed before the declaration was made, but it was also the only logical step towards an independent, successful nation. Jefferson wrote the many accusatio ns so specifically as to not leave doubt in any reader’s mind that this was absolutely necessary. Appealing to the Logos, or logical means of reasoning is implied. Thomas Jefferson is remembered for severalShow MoreRelatedPolitics And The English Language1488 Words   |  6 PagesOrwell’s standard, many famous speeches or articles can be a subject for evaluation. In this case, the Declaration of Independence (US 1776), drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Continental Congress, was to declare a separation from the British Empire. (US org) This article considers to be one of the most famous political document in the American history. In the following paragraphs, the Declaration of Independence will be evaluated by using Orwell’s six rules of writing and will be determinedRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States897 Words   |  4 Pages The Declaration of Independence stated the United States should be established as a country, free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two document s affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, but it is a good analogy of what he was discussing. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherenceRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Should Be Established As A Country Free From British Control894 Words   |  4 Pages The Declaration of Independence contended the United States should be established as a country free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two documents affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, is a good analogy of what he was discussing. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherence overRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract597 Words   |  3 Pa gesdefiance the accumulated experience of ages â€Å"(Hamilton). Hamilton harkens to the great English Philosopher, Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract for a clear understanding of the issues. The Social Contract Theory is the basis for the Declaration of Independence and the guiding theories for the Unite States Government as well as many other governments, such as the European Union, England and France, to name a few. The theory is about why people choose to give us some of their rights and powers inRead MoreAmerican History Website Evaluation Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution Website Evaluation The United States revolution is one of the most iconic events in not just American, but world history. So when performing research on a platform as vast as the internet, proper precautions must be taken. A well designed and thorough web evaluation should be done to ensure the credibility and integrity of the website’s content. Certain Criteria involve who authored the website, when the website was created, when it was last updated, who the website wasRead MoreThe Early Republic ( 1775 )1052 Words   |  5 Pageswhich the country completely freed itself from the rule of the British Empire, thus, developed differently in terms of political, economic and social ideas, as well as institutions. As the country separates itself from the Parliament, political evaluation was one of the government’s top priorities. Believing that separation is judicious, American politicians does not want the country to resemble the British Parliament, thus, they created a republican government where the authority’s power derivedRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Antebellum Period1494 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics, and even the Constitution to further their arguments; likewise, abolitionists used similar counterarguments and these sweeping movements fueled by persuasion became increasingly fierce and forever transformed the nation. To start the evaluation of these movements, let’s evaluate the advocates of slavery and their reasoning. Defenders of slavery used religion as major case for slavery’s justness. The Bible was used extensively. Thomas Stringfellow, for instance, said slavery had â€Å"The sanctionRead MoreJoseph Jackson Annual Address Rhetorical Analysis1209 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity. It is the resolution and the determination that there shall be in these United States one class of citizens and that is first class citizens. This is a struggle to adopt in practice as well as theory the concept of man on which the Declaration of Independence is based, and to fully implement the Federal Constitution, one of the greatest documents for human freedom since the writing of the Magna Carta. The civil rights struggle is a struggle for full freedom, justice, and equality before the lawRead MoreEssay about The Military Draft is Against the US Constitution1332 Words   |  6 Pagesare to report for duty (Veterans for Peace). The next step, which is crucial, is to weed out those who are physically, mentally, and morally unfit for war. This evaluation is conducted by the Military Entrance Processing Station which determines whether they are fit for war (Veterans for Peace). Those who pass the military evaluation will receive induction orders, orders to report to a local Military Entrance Processing Station within ten days. In order to insure that the draft will be beneficialRead MoreJoseph Jackson Annual Address Rhetorical Analysis1134 Words   |  5 Pagesopportunity. It is the resolution and the determination that there shall be in these United States one class of citizens and that is first class citizens. This is a struggle to adopt in practice as well as theory the concept of man on which the Declaration of Independence is based, and to fully implement the Federal Constitution, one of the greatest documents for human freedom since the writing of the Magna Cart a. The civil rights struggle is a struggle for full freedom, justice, and equality before the law

Stepmom About Death and Dying Free Essays

Movie Review: Stepmom By: For: November 16th, 2010 REL201 The film step mom beautifully portrays the effects death and dying can have on a family. Even one like the Harrison’s, where the parents are split up, and and a new women has come into Luke’s live. Their will always be different ways of coping with death and that is shown through all the characters, be it strong willed like Luke and Jackie, negatively and dramatically like the daughter Anna, or positively and unaware like the son Ben. We will write a custom essay sample on Stepmom: About Death and Dying or any similar topic only for you Order Now All these different ways of coping make this film an ideal one to view the different ways one can cope. Throughout the film Stepmom death is shown as both a negative and positive affecting occurrence. When the main character Jackie Harrison is first told that her diagnosed cancer has became much worse, she is spiteful and hate-filled. She resents the fact that her recently divorced husband is now getting married to a younger woman, she is also angry that her marriage to Luke didn’t work out, and is also saddened at the fact that she will never live to see her children grow up. The positive aspects of death in this film is that Jackie soon realizes that she has to come to grips with her inevitable death. This allows her to live her remaining months in peace with her children and even become happy with Luke and Jena Malone getting married. In the circumstance on Jackie Harrison, death is not presented as a natural part of the life cycle. Cancer, is a modern problem with no modern cure as of yet. It endangers and ends many young lives throughout the world. Jackie was already diagnosed with cancer a year before, however, when she went for a re-evaluation it was found that the cancer had re-appeared and had intensified in her body. This shows that cancerous cells can begin to form at anytime in one’s body and is not a atural part of the life cycle. In the case of Jackie there are two sides. At first when re-diagnosed she is very fearful. Not for herself, but rather for her children. Jackie is afraid that she will not be able to see her children again, and be able to watch them grow up and lead fulfilling lives. She is delivered more bad news at a dinner by her ex-husband. Luke tel ls Jackie that he is to marry Jena Malone. Jackie is angered again and can not bare to tell Luke that she is in fact dying of cancer and will not be around to raise their children. Another scene depicting anger is after Ben falls off the play structure and eeds stitches. At the hospital she tries to see her son, but Jena is already there comforting him. He asks Jena to sing her a song because â€Å"Mommy always does† (Stepmom). As Jackie looks on from outside the room Jena sings for Ben and she is angered by this and goes home and has a fit in her home. Jena uncovers Jackie’s secret through a conversation they have at her home. She tells Jena that she is infect going to L. A. to see an oncologist for treatment. Jena is saddened to hear that the ex-wife is dying of cancer and asks â€Å"are you dying? â€Å", to which Jackie replies â€Å"Not today†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stepmom). This in turn affects Luke who is the next o find out and thus feels guilty. He feels as though it should have been him and not Jackie. They decide to tell the children about the cancer together and this scene provides the most dramatic effect of the movie. Ben takes the news very lightly and is intrigued as to what his mom is enduring, there is a doubt as to how muc h Ben knows about the situation. He thinks it’s less serious then it actually is. The daughter Anna, is immediately angered by the news and storms off. As she heads upstairs Luke yells â€Å"You do not run out on your mother†, and she replies â€Å"No that’s your job† (Stepmom). This scene is important because it shows how the family as an entirety deals with death. The message of the film Stepmom is too fully appreciate one’s life to the fullest while you can, and to truly live like you we’re dying. It also has many family values attached to the death process. Jackie who has always enjoyed her children now see’s the reasons to why she is truly enjoying them. After hearing that her cancer has got worse she decides to stay home and take time with to be with her family. Luke even becomes more involved with her as her condition worsens, something he never did when they we’re together and she was healthy. A kind of ironic tragedy. It also portrays that Jackie will never be able to be replaced as the children’s mother but Jena can do more by being there for them while they live on without Jackie. In one of the lasts scenes Jena and Jackie make amends and realize that the kids won’t have to choose and that they could love them both. â€Å"I have their past, and you can have their future† (Stepmom) is what Jackie says in comfort to Jena. The white dove that Ben always asks about has dual meaning throughout the film. Ben believes every magician needs a white dove, but the dove in fact symbolizes freedom and life. The symbolism of the dove also has heavy meaning towards Jackie. It would represent her long after she is gone and would be the confidant of the young Ben. In the final scene at Christmas time, Jackie is at this point very ill. When Ben comes upstairs to Jackie’s room to get his present from her she is alone in a chair. She smiles and gives Ben a magician’s cape to continue living his childhood dream of becoming one someday. She then goes downstairs after Anna comes to get her, and helps Luke, Jena and Ben perform a magic trick to uncover the white dove in the cage underneath the magician’s cape. It is symbolic because this white dove will represent Jackie and her continued support of her son long after she is gone. Stepmom was a great film to watch in terms of understanding how a family can cope with death and dying. It shows the contrasts of family values, ways of coping with death and also the support system a family can have throughout times of crisis. Even though Jackie and Luke were no longer together they found a way to make things work when the children and Jackie needed it the most. It is inspiring to see such love and compassion in a difficult situation, even when at the eginning of the film there was nothing but resentment towards each other, a common bond, brought them together and closer then ever, even if it was a negative one. Cancer continues to be a serious threat for today’s modern society and we must continue the fight against to someday have a cancer free earth. Bibliography: I) Stepmom, DVD, Directed by Chris Columbus, (1998) Columbia Pictures, Hollywood. California II) http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569562/pdf/jnma00195-0137. pdf Heather M. Butts,JD,MPH III) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stepmom_(film) IV) http://www. mediacircus. net/stepmom. html How to cite Stepmom: About Death and Dying, Papers

F. Scott Fitzgerald. the Swimmers. Essay free essay sample

The swimmers. F. Scott Fitzgerald was an American  author of novels and short stories. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation of the 1920s. He finished four novels:  This Side of Paradise,  The Beautiful and Damned,  The Great Gatsby—his most famous—and  Tender Is the Night. His style is very interesting. All his short stories has a construction of novels. â€Å"The swimmers† is a fine example of Fitzgerald’s style. It was written in 1927, but was not published for many years. In Fitzgerald’s opinion it was the most difficult story and too large to its form. The narration is third-person. Third-person narration provides the greatest flexibility to the author. Each and every character is referred to by the narrator as he, she, it, or they. A story in this narrative mode is presented by a narrator with an overarching point of view, seeing and knowing everything that happens within the world of the story, including what each of the characters is thinking and feeling. We will write a custom essay sample on F. Scott Fitzgerald. the Swimmers. Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So this type of narration let us to imagine the full picture of the story and understand every character. The main idea of the story is richness, money and class-division. It is the main problem of the whole American nation. The theme of the story is person’s attitude towards his richness. Is it enough just to have money to go forward? Has the money a real power in every situation or maybe we are to have a real ability, to save ourselves and continue to go forward. Another theme is misalliance, between expatriate, patrician Virginian, Henry Clay Marston and his French wife Choupette. So the author shows us the victim of all this problems and describes his conflict verses himself. This short story is written for mass-reader. Simple language not just of American nation, but other countries made â€Å"The swimmers† popular all over the world. The title of the story â€Å"The swimmers† shows us that the swimmers are every person in our world. The plot of the story is very gripping. The action of the story is laid in Paris. The main character Henry Clay Marston who has enough money but they could not help him to solve his problems. The story consists of exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. The story told in chronological order which led us to the resolution of main problem. The story is divided into 4 logical parts. Having come back home Henry finds the wife with the friend the man. He gets sick, goes on the sea, there tries to rescue the girl and almost perishes itself as isnt able to float well. Henry gets acquainted with this girl, asks her about the reasons of love to swimming and receives the strange answer: To be purer. Reflecting on specifics of national consciousness, arrives at idea that traditional fins of Americans — it is money. Henry learns that the wife doesnt love it, she suggests to issue divorce. Chupet and her loved Vayz try to take away blackmail from him children, but Genrn wins a duel thanks to ability to float, after all lessons of the girl didnt pass for it for nothing. In this line of a plot the second semantic bottom — a duel between Henry and Vayz is shown also — it is a spiritual duel. Vayz claims that money is omnipotent: Money created this country, erected its huge remarkable cities, created the industry, covered it with a network of the railroads. Money bridles the nature, money will create cars and sets them in motion †¦ Henrys position other: Americans would have to be born with fins, probably, so it and was — probably, money was such fins — he thinks in the beginning. But on an action course, in the motor-boat who has broken in the high sea, Henry comprehends other truth: in similar situations money is powerless. Only real abilities of the person, in this case — ability to float, are capable to rescue its future. The wife is compelled to refuse children, which for it — meaning of the life, and for her — only guarantee of decency.

Lord of the Flies Expository Essay Example For Students

Lord of the Flies Expository Essay Gilding, is a novel about some boys stranded on an island after their plane crashed during wartime. However, the novel symbolizes much more than that. It shows that when human nature is left to its own devices, it will destroy itself. Societys function is to keep control and order. When a group of boys are stranded on an island with no other civilization, their human nature Is revealed. The more removed they become, the worse they get. Jack, In the novel, represents anarchy and savagery, and is a perfect example as to what Gildings mall theme represents. The age old question of whether man Is Innately good Is answered by Gilding through his character Jack, whose dark side takes control of him when freed from the constraints of civilization. Jacks Innocence Is prevalent In the beginning of the novel. Jack Is a tall, redheaded boy, who becomes very malicious and analysts as the story progresses. At the start of the novel, Jack is a well-respected English boy, much Like the others. At the beginning he strives to become chief, he is although well mannered and obedient. Jacks first attempt to kill the pig shows his true innocence. His inner evil had not mom out. They knew very well why he hadnt: because of the enormity of the knife descending and cutting into living flesh; because of the unbearable blood. (Chi 2, pig 31) The killing of another living creature was too atrocious for Jack to bare at this point in his life. At the beginning of the novel, the boys were still civilized because they had not been away from society for that long of a time. Jack realized there needed to be rules created to keep order. L agree with Ralph. Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything. So weve got to do the right things. (Chi, pig 42) Jacks civilized form is shown when he states that they are not savages, and there needs to be order in the island. Jacks evil nature begins to reveal itself after he paints his face in order to kill the pig. The mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jac k hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. The face of red and white and black swung through the alarm and jigged toward 4 pig 64) Once Jack painted his face, he felt that he could do anything, without feeling remorse or having any sort of conscious. His evil starts to mom out of him and he doesnt even know It. After Jack kills the pig, he truly feels liberated, and that he can do whatever he wants. Look! Weve killed a pig- we stole up on them- we go In a circle-. (Chi 4 pig 69) Jack becomes very proud of himself after come out. Once Jack goes foot create his own tribe In the last section of the novel, all of his wickedness Is truly shown. Jack becomes sick of Ralph as chief and decides to go off on his own and create his own tribe, where his priorities come first. Im going off by too. (Chi 8 pig 127) From then on, Jack rules on what goes, and turns all the other boys ho follow him into savages, in which their malevolence over takes them as well. The murder of Simon is the first sign that their cruelty has surfaced. The sticks fell and the mouth of the new circle crunched and screamed.

Introduction for portobello road Essay Example

Introduction for portobello road Essay I am studying Portobello Road, which is in Central London in Noting Hill. Portobello road is going through a change from what it was like in the 1950s. Portobello road is going through gentrification, which means an area going through a negative or positive change. This coursework is going to show if Portobello Road is going through gentrification and answering these key questions will prove whether my hypothesis is right or wrong. The hypothesis for this coursework is to prove whether Portobello road is going through a period of change. The Key Questions What was Portobello Road like in the past? The answer to this question will give me information on the history of Portobello Road and will show whether shops have changed. This will also show whether Portobello Road has as much of a variety of shops, as there are now and how the relationships with different cultures, the reputation of Portobello Road and compare to the relationship now to prove whether Portobello roads is changing. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction for portobello road specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction for portobello road specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction for portobello road specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What is Portobello Road like today? The answer to this question will give us information, which I will compare to the past Portobello Road and decide whether Portobello Road is going through gentrification or not. Changes such as the relationships between cultures, the wealth of residents and reveal shops that are still there or if they have been overtaken by chain stores. Why is Portobello Road changing? The answer to this question will verify whether Portobello road is changing and will show in detail. Detail through specific comparatives such as the relationship between races, the change in shops and the look of the street maybe because of the new reputation, the change in time. Or maybe just for the sake of it as it has been like it was for too long answering this question while solve this. What do people think about these changes? This question will concern residents and get a view of the locals opinions off whether they think Portobello Road is going through a period of change. This answer can show whether they are happy with Portobello Road changing or disappointed and may discuss to the council if they are really upset. Is Portobello Road becoming overrun by chain stores? This question will be answered when I go to Portobello Road. The answer to this question will show one of the main reasons of change, which are the impact smaller shops getting taken over by the bigger shops e.g. small newsagent turned into Next. Are the changes along Portobello Road changing its character? This question is relevant to my hypothesis as this question is stating whether signs of gentrification are changing the whole reputation of Portobello road. Changes such as more chain stores coming in could mean the wealth of Portobello road increasing which is a sign of change as Portobello road is a mixed wealth place. Are there any conflicts involved in these changes? This question will show whether gentrification has caused conflict such as arguments between landlords or from people for jobs as there were in the past from secondary source material used in class. What do you think will happen in the future to Portobello Road? This question gives me the chance to use and prove whether chain stores are overtaking the smaller shops and gives me or the reader a chance to say our opinion and also to find any evidence foreshadowing the future of Portobello road. Background Information In the 1950s Portobello road was a place, which was affected by racism, riots, crammed with people in small houses, a poor area, was a filthy place with rats and rubbishes everywhere. This area had a very high crime rate as people stole and sold to provide for their family mainly. Competition for jobs was a huge issue in the 1950s as immigrants from the Caribbean and white residents competed for jobs, which was one of the main reasons of why the area was affected by racism and riots. These days Portobello Road is full of media, large houses, and quite a wealthy area with trendy bars/restaurants and franchises such as Subway and the Orange shop. Today Portobello Road is a massive tourist attraction especially for its antique shops, which is mainly opened on the weekend. The process of an area becoming wealthier and improving in quality is called gentrification, which is exactly what seems to be happening on Portobello road. This is linked to my hypothesis as becoming a wealthier and improving are signs of change. For example: Location Portobello Road is in the borough of Kensington and Chelsea, which is in west London. Portobello road is simple to get to, as they are plenty of buses people can use to get there such as: 7,23,27,28,31,52,70,358s and the 452 buses go to and from Portobello road. Not just buses are accessible to reach Portobello road, trains are also available. There are two train stations on Portobello road, which as Ladbroke Grove and Westbourne Park station, which are on the Hammersmith ; City, line. Portobello road is just outside the central business district (CBD). The founder of the burgess model. This is a model designed to show wealth in an area, the further you live from the CBD the wealthier the area is. The model is split into many sections depending on the size of the area used to burgess model. In my study I have split up the model into five sections as shown below:

Diluting the Bucket List

Diluting the Bucket List Diluting the Bucket List Diluting the Bucket List By Maeve Maddox The idiom â€Å"to kick the bucket,† meaning â€Å"to die,† has been used in English since the eighteenth century. The term â€Å"bucket list† makes its earliest appearance on the Ngram Viewer in 1962, forty-five years before it was popularized by the movie The Bucket List (2007). A â€Å"bucket list† is a list of things that a person hopes to experience or achieve before dying. In the movie, a character played by Morgan Freeman is diagnosed with lung cancer and makes such a list. Less than a decade has passed since the movie popularized the term, and already it has dwindled into a mere synonym for â€Å"to-do list.† A â€Å"to-do list† is a list of tasks that need to be completed during a period of time. A typical daily to-do list might look like this: 1. cut grass 2. pick up cleaning 3. take cat to vet 4. play basketball 5. renew library book An advertising campaign called â€Å"Summer Bucket List† alerted me to the fact that the term â€Å"bucket list† is being used as a synonym for â€Å"to-do list.† The ads show people drinking beer and engaging in ordinary summer activities. The â€Å"bucket list† in the context of the ads is simply a list of outdoor activities to be fitted into one’s schedule before the end of summer. The same day I saw one of the â€Å"summer bucket list† ads, I watched a rerun of Bones (television crime series) and heard two characters discuss goals to be achieved before the age of thirty as â€Å"a bucket list.† I suppose this use could be argued as being metaphoric: â€Å"life after thirty equals death.† Here are some examples in which â€Å"bucket list† seems to be overkill: But dont let high school pass you by- be sure to make the most of your last days before college by creating your own senior year bucket list full of things you want to do or accomplish by graduation day. - Huffington Post. Back when my hubby and I first got married almost 7 years ago, we had some fairly standard items on our â€Å"before baby† bucket list.  - Maternity advice blog. To help you take these last months [of college] by storm, we’ve compiled the ultimate bucket list of things you’ve been meaning to do since freshman year. - MTV site. Write yourself a marriage bucket list to ensure that you and your spouse’s first year together is one full of fun, love and laughter!- Wedding advice site. It was inevitable that â€Å"bucket list† would morph into â€Å"list of things to be done before a particular event- not necessarily dying- takes place.† To me, the use of â€Å"bucket list† in such contexts sounds creepy, especially when the terminal event is something joyous, like the birth of a baby. Related post: â€Å"Pushing Up Daisies† and Other Euphemisms for Death Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers40 Idioms with First

The influence of ethics on auditing Research Paper

The influence of ethics on auditing - Research Paper Example On a broader perspective, Gillan and Starks (2008) refer to corporate ethics as a system of rules, factors and laws affecting a company’s operations. Irrespective of the definition taken up, it is common for researchers to categorize corporate mechanisms into two groups; those that are internal to firms, and those that are external to firms. Ethics is charged with the responsibilities and duties of a firm’s board of directors in managing the firm in addition to the relationship they have with the firm’s shareholders as well as stakeholder groups (Duska, Duska & Ragatz 2011). Issues of corporate governance arise in a company with the presence of two conditions. First is in the event that there is a conflict of interest or an agency problem involving members of the company who might be the workers, consumers, or managers. The second condition is that the transaction costs are such that the problem dogging the agency cannot be ameliorated via contract. Another defin ition of corporate ethics is more comprehensive in that it argues ethics is involved with mechanisms through which a company’s stakeholders are able to exert control over corporate management and insiders in such a manner that their interests are protected (John and Senbet 2008). It is imperative to note that the term shareholders does not only refer to shareholders, but also debt holders in addition to non-financial stakeholders like suppliers, customers, employees, as well as other interested parties. A review of corporate ethics’ various definitions clearly highlights that they all allude to the presence of conflicts of interest between outsiders and insiders, hailing from the separation of control and ownership. The recent past has seen a growth in interest in corporate governance. Prevalent governance mechanisms have been questioned with intensified debates following business failures and financial scandals, and more recently, several accounting frauds of high vis ibility that have allegedly been perpetuated by managers (Gillan & Starks 2008). Underlying concepts of good corporate ethics Fairness Fairness refers to equitable treatment with the stakeholders in entirety. Equitable does not mean equal. It means treating each entity as much as they deserve; suppliers, customers, and stakeholders need to be categorized accordingly and afforded treatment on an equitable basis (Shleifer & Vishny 2007). Values and systems that underpin the organization need to be balanced by considering every individual with a legitimate interest in the organization and respecting their respective views and rights. Transparency/Openness Transparency alludes to the clear and open disclosure of pertinent information to shareholders as well as other stakeholders, and also entails not withholding information in the event that it may out rightly affect decisions. It means a default position with regard to the provision of information instead of concealing it, and open dis cussion on an issue of concern. Transparency includes all possible voluntary disclosures. Certain circumstances may however warrant the concealment of information and may be justified. They include confidential discussions about individuals, discussions regarding future strategy, and discussions that result in an agreed position that is consequently made public (Shleifer & Vishny 2007). Independence As a concept, independence is important to directors. Reports on corporate governance have increasingly stressed the pertinence of independent directors. They ought to be in a

St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves Essay

St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves - Essay Example Russell uses vivid description to develop the different aspects of her story. A close analysis of the story reveals that she explores multiple gender issues. In a bid to analyze this gender issue, this paper will offer a gender perspective analysis of her work. In addition, it will also consider the historical and the cultural perspective portrayed by the author as she developed her story. In her story, Russell tackles certain critical gender issues that are of interest to many literary analysts. One of them named Natalyalc commenting of Russell’s book online said, â€Å"The story also seems to have gender roles as the main theme†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She continues to say, â€Å"Because they have separate homes for male and female wolves and furthermore taught differently.† The fact that the story is centered on 15 wolf girls struggling to acculturate and assimilate into the human society introduces a gender based perspective. She mentions that, brothers of the girls were in a separate home. The fact that girls and boys did not learn the new culture in an integrated system is an emphasis on the existing gender differences, and the conservative nature of the society concerning the gender roles. The 15 girls undergo a rigorous transformational process as the nuns struggle to shape civilized women out of them. Most of the activities they indulge in are defined by the gender roles evident in the society. One nun tried to help Mirabella conform to feminine behavior as Russell describes when she says, â€Å"Shed sit down with Mirabella and pry her fingers apart. â€Å"You see?" shed say softly, again and again. "What are you holding on to? Nothing, little one. Nothing† (Russell 241). For example, they were expected to learn how to walk with composure as ladies. Moreover, the nuns make efforts of combing the hair in order to give them a feminine look evident when the narrator says, â€Å"The sisters swept out hair back into high, bouffant

Organizational Culture And Leadership Styles Education Essay

Organizational Culture And Leadership Styles Education Essay Human learning in the 21st century will be as different from human learning in the 20th century as the micro-chip and neural networks are from the valve. (Lepani,1994, p. 3). In this century the scope and pace of change seem to be accelerating in all areas of human existence. We have to move with it or ahead of it if we are not to be left behind. Academic institutions are feeling this tidal wave of change in ways that have left many educators consciously or otherwise confused, exhausted and disillusioned. (Deal, 1990, p.131) Change can be seen as evolutionary and dynamic with an emphasis on continuous learning and adaptation (Dixon, 1994; Fullan, 1991; Fullan and Miles, 1992). The challenge for academic institutions is to adopt change strategies that provide internal stability while moving ahead. This challenge may be able to be met in education and elsewhere by focusing on a change strategy where learning comes to be seen as the single most important resource for organizational re newal in the postmodern age (Hargreaves, 1995). The nations that lead the world into the next century will be those who can shift from being knowledge transformational bodies to those that will have the capacity to possess, renew and utilize knowledge successfully. The major issue that confronts educators is whether or not we can transform education and create academic institutions that can successfully prepare our nations students for life. This process calls for leadership at all levels, a good school culture and personal commitment of those who are responsible for these institutions. They must take the time to seriously consider the kinds of changes that are needed. They have to address the needs of students and teachers and then a fundamental transformation of education could happen. There are many routes for organizational development through change, which can be used to improve an organizations quality. Learning organization models provide one administrative method that can be used to provide direction for organizational achievement for both public and private organizations (Makasarnont, 1997). As Hoy and Miskel (2001) state, academic institutions are service organizations that are committed to teaching and learning. The academic institutions functions as a learning organization in order to continue to improve performance and build capacity to manage change (Corcoran and Goertz, 1995) in an environment where academic institutions are becoming increasingly borderless. Conceptualizing academic institutions as learning organizations is appropriate, given the new challenges of a fast-changing world. To be relevant in a knowledge society, new skills, capabilities and knowledge are required. The focus of each academic institution should therefore fall on the enhancement of individual commitments to continuous learning by creation of an enabling enterpreutionial culture and transformational leaders for the development and growth of academic institutions as Learning Organizations. Teachers have to be awake to these changes and must try to improve their skills all the time. They cannot stop their learning simply because they have graduated from school or the university and have been employed; if they would like to be successful, they must grow. They have to keep on learning from their experiences, environment, or their organization. As Lassey (1998) shows successful people are people who learn. Without learning, there is no improvement; and without improv ement the institutions stagnate. The institutions should be places where participants continually expand their capacities to create and to achieve. If academic institutions are to be effective learning organizations, they must find ways to create structures that continuously support teaching and learning and enhance organizational adaptation. Therefore the learning organization is the important thing that an administrator has to create in her/his school in order to give leaders, teachers and students an opportunity for learning continuously, based on the belief that the more people learn, the better they can perform when they go on in life. Need for the Study Many academic institutions are struggling to meet the requirements for academic performance. In this study academic institutions is narrowed down to only schools, as they are base in the description of an academic institution. Despite numerous promising initiatives from the government to promote student success in schools, overall gains in student performance have been disappointing. Some commentators have suggested that nothing less than a fundamental redesign of the educational system will begin to address the hurdles faced by students in succeeding at school (Boyd Shouse, 1997). Coleman (1997) noted that the highly bureaucratic nature of Government schools stifles creative problem solving and blocks receptivity to large-scale and transformative system reform. He described schools as administratively driven organizations with long feedback loops from the top of the organization (for example, the principal) to component subsystems (for example, teachers and students). Coleman consi dered schools with decentralized authority structures and norms of accountability and social support, which he labels as output-driven organizations, as having more promise than ones with traditional bureaucratic forms for increasing teacher and student performance. With growing concerns about the ability of the public education system to respond to the needs of students (Orfield et al., 2004), many voices in the school reform movement have discussed the need for schools to operate as learning organizations, which addresses the importance of faculty and staff working together to solve problems through networking and team learning (Senge et al., 2000). The degree to which schools function as learning organizations may not only influence the willingness of school employees to embrace new innovations for promoting student achievement, but also their personal well-being, their sense of efficacy in working with students, their work satisfaction, and their evaluation of the school as a hi gh-performing organization. A burgeoning number of empirical investigations offer support for these types of positive effects from schools functioning as learning organizations (Lick, 2006; Orthner et al., 2006). I believe that understanding schools as learning organizations offers the potential to unlock the creative and dynamic processes that schools require to undergo fundamental and significant change initiatives. Only then do we believe that schools will begin to address the challenges they face in educating children and youths and in closing the significant gaps in educational achievement and life success. The phenomenon known as the learning organisations has during the past three decades been discussed widely in the literature (Khadra Rawabdeh, 2006; Moilanen, 2001, 2005; Hawkins, 1991; Watkins Marsick, 1993; Senge, 1990; Pedler, Burgoyne Boydell, 1991). Unfortunately, the concept of the learning organization remains abstract and elusive for many school level practitioners, which reflects, in part, a strong leaning toward a constructivist approach in the study of organizational learning. School personnel also have relatively few tools available to examine this aspect of their schools, and assessment is the first step in the evidence-based practice planning sequence. During the past century much has been learned about how the brain works and how students learn. We have also learned that how schools can be organized in what that can enhance the quality of learning that students experience and we know a great deal about the kinds of conditions that are necessary for change to occur. The issue in Indian Educational system is to find a way to create the conditions that will encourage the learning organization concept which is needed to transform Indian academic organizations. What is also clear is that leadership is a critical component of the transformation of education. However, the kind of leadership that is needed is fundamentally different than what has traditionally been the case. Leaders must be able to transform their academic institutions. This has been widely discussed the literature (Jones Rudd, 2007; Reed, 2006; Bartling Bartlett, 2005; CASEL, 2006; Bamburg, 1997; West, 1999; Telford, 1996; Barnett, Marsh Carven, 2003; Stander Rothman n, 2009) and hence the inclusion of this as a variable in this study. As small schools become more autonomous, they create new identities and establish unique school cultures. It is also believed that the schools culture is inextricably linked to classroom culture. Many researchers have explored the challenges of building school culture (Silver, 2003; Zilwa, 2007; Ferreira Hill, 2008; Niemann Kotzà ©, 2006; Thomas Willcoxson, 1998; Raywid, 2001;). The researches explore various approaches to the issue of organizational culture, including techniques from the business world, the connection to physical spaces, and the use of traditions (Berg Wilderom, 2004; Fard.et.al, 2007;). A schools culture includes the obvious elements of schedules, curriculum, demographics, and policies, as well as the social interactions that occur within those structures and give a school its look and feel as friendly, elite, competitive, inclusive, and so on. Just as culture is critical to understanding the dynamics behind any thriving community, organization, or business, t he daily realities and deep structure of school life hold the key to educational success. Reforms that strive for educational excellence are likely to fail unless they are meaningfully linked to the schools unique culture and hence the inclusion of this variable in this study. Teachers play an important role in the success of any school. The personal commitment of the teacher has a very strong influence in the smooth functioning of the school and the school to develop into a learning organization. Personal commitment could be commitment for ones own development and commitment for the development of the school and students. Research on commitment has generally focused on either the antecedents or the consequences of commitment. Early studies of commitment explored the antecedents of commitment and found four general antecedents, namely: personal characteristics, job characteristics, work experiences, and role-related characteristics (Mathieu and Hamel 1989; Mowday, Porter and Steers 1982). Some of the earlier studies also explored the role played by demographic variables on commitment. The demographic variables found to have influence on commitment are: age (Mathieu and Zajac 1990), organizational tenure (Mathieu and Hamel 1989), position tenure (Gregersen and Black 1992), and education (DeCotiis and Summers 1987). Furthermore, Glisson and Durick (1988) identified skill variety and role ambiguity as predictors of satisfaction and leadership, and the age of the organization as predictor of commitment. The impact of commitment on organizational level outcomes has also been explored in a number of studies. However, it is the consequence of affective commitment which is more often studied in the literature. This is because high levels of affective commitment are shown to be related to a number of positive behavioral level outcomes and job attitudes (Hislop 2003; Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran 2005). Further Organizational commitment and professional commitment of teachers in schools have been researched on (Sood Anand, 2009; Karakus Aslan, 2009; Weber, 1990; Coladarci, 1992; Menep. I, 2010; Iqbal, 2010; Borgei. et.al, 2010;). Although the study of commitment has been advanced from a range of theoretical perspectives, it is interesting to note that very few attempts have been made by researchers to work on personal commitment. The belief is that an understanding of the relationship between leadership, culture and commitment is necessary. As a teacher educator I think that personal com mitment of teachers is very important in transforming schools into a learning organization and no researches have been done in this area, hence the inclusion of the variable in this study. Conceptual Framework Schools as Learning Organization To present a theoretical framework in which the school as learning organization can be grounded, the study is using The learning disciplines (Senge et al., 1996:4). According to Peter Senge (1990: 3) learning organizations are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together. While all people have the capacity to learn, the structures in which they have to function are often not conducive to reflection and engagement. Furthermore, people may lack the tools and guiding ideas to make sense of the situations they face. Organizations that are continually expanding their capacity to create their future require a fundamental shift of mind among their members.  For Peter Senge, real learning gets to the heart of what it is to be human. We become able to re -create ourselves. This applies to both individuals and organizations. Thus, for a learning organization it is not enough to survive. Survival learning or what is more often termed adaptive learning is important indeed it is necessary. But for a learning organization, adaptive learning must be joined by generative learning, learning that enhances our capacity to create (Senge 1990:14). The dimension that distinguishes learning from more traditional organizations is the mastery of certain basic disciplines or component technologies. The five that Peter Senge identifies are said to be converging to innovate learning organizations. They are: Systems thinking, Personal mastery, Mental models, Building shared vision Team learning Personal mastery According to Senge et al. (1996:194) the term mastery evolved from the medieval French, maitre, which meant someone who was exceptionally proficient and skilled a master of a craft. Maitre as it is used today means the capacity, not only to produce results, but also to master the principles that underpin the way an individual produces those results. Mastery is a commitment to be the best in whatever is done (Secretan, 1997:54). Educators who strive to become masters of their craft are often those who would be described as being committed to their work in their respective schools. According to Zecha (1994:6) and Kushman (1992:6), there are two types of educator commitment, namely organizational commitment and commitment to student learning which are effective ingredients for transforming schools into learning organisations. Mental models Research by Senge et al. (1996:235-236) indicates that mental models are subjective images, deeply ingrained assumptions, generalizations and stories that people carry in their minds about themselves, other people, institutions and events that take place in the world. These mental maps act as a filtering system for our judgments and influence how we take actions based on these judgments. If these mental maps or models are not questioned they could become blockages to change. To succeed in transforming schools into learning organizations it is important that individual educators learn how to unearth their internal pictures (subjective images) of the world and bring these to the surface and critically scrutinize them. This can be done if meaningful conversations are encouraged in the school, where educators expose their own thinking patterns and also listen to other colleagues. These conversations can influence individuals to shift their thinking patterns and see the other side of the story. Shared vision A shared vision is an all-encompassing world view which provides focus for an individual and the team concerning what is to be learnt and what is to be valued (Bierema Berdish, 1996:6). This shared vision answers the question: What will success look like? This question acts as a motivating force for sustained action to achieve individual and school goals. It is a guiding image of success formed in terms of a contribution to the school. According to Johnson and Johnson (1994:9) a shared vision creates a basic sense of sink or swim together among the members of the school. A powerful vision binds educators to mutual commitments through collaboration to achieve individual and school goals. Team learning The discipline of team learning starts with dialogue, which is the capacity of members of a team to suspend their assumptions and enter into a genuine thinking together. According to Senge et al., 1996:352), team learning is the discipline that has to do with learning about alignment. Alignment means functioning as a whole or in a cohesive group committed to a common purpose. This alignment is achieved through sustained dialogue that may result in knowledge sharing and recognizing interdependencies among team members (Murgatroyd Morgan, 1993:73). The discipline of dialogue involves learning how to recognize the patterns of interaction in teams that undermine learning. The patterns of defensiveness are often deeply ingrained in how a team operates. Therefore, the impact of team learning is the establishment of shared values, vision, mission, and core strategies to achieve individual and school goals. The fifth discipline, systems thinking, incorporates the other four learning discipl ines. Systems thinking Systems thinking is based on system dynamics; it is highly conceptual and provides ways of understanding practical school issues. It looks at systems in terms of particular types of cycles and it includes explicit system modeling of complex issues. The discipline of systems thinking teaches that in any social phenomenon it is important to look at the whole picture. In systems thinking the school is looked at as a system that is interconnected to different parts of life that intersect and influence each other. These interrelated parts are bound together in such a way that they become coherent to one another (French Bell, 1995:93). The components of a school include learners, educators, context, student learning processes and any identifiable component that affects learning. Therefore, the essence of systems thinking lies in a shift of mind to one that sees:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ interrelationships rather than linear cause-effect chains; and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ processes of change rather than sn ap shots. The discipline of systems thinking starts with understanding the concept of feedback: that is how actions can reinforce or counteract (balance) each other. In trying to build effective learning environments, educators have to learn to see the deeper patterns and interrelationships of change. Leadership Leadership is a described as being one of social sciences most examined phenomena (Antonakis, Cianciolo, Sternberg, 2004). Shoemaker (1998) suggested that leadership is difficult to characterize as the field is punctured by inconclusive definitions as to the role and function of leadership. The latest chapter in the almost 100 year history of leadership research is dominated by the development of transformational leadership theory embodied in the Full Range of Leadership Model (Antonakis, et al., 2004; Bass, 1998). This approach to leadership focuses on the charismatic and affective elements of leadership. Northouse (2004) described transformational leadership as a process that changes and transforms individuals. It is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals, and includes assessing followers motives, satisfying their needs, and treating them as full human beings (p. 169). Furthermore, as Bass (1985) advocated, by engaging in transformational leadershi p behaviors a leader transforms followers. In reality this means that followers are changed from being self-centered individuals to being committed members of a group, they are then able to perform at levels far beyond what normally might have been expected (Antonakis, et al., 2004, p.175). The model of transformational leadership includes a continuum of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire forms of leadership. Each form characterizes aspects of the dynamic process of interaction between leader and follower but identifies certain patterns and features to distinguish transformational leadership from transactional and laissez-faire styles (Avolio, 1999). The transformational leader pays particular attention to others needs, which, in turn, raises followers levels of motivation (Avolio, 1999; Bass, 1998). Furthermore, a leader of this type encourages others to reach their full potential while also adopting a strong ethical characteristic. Whereas, transactional leaders, approach followers with an eye to exchanging one thing for another (Burns, 1978, p. 4), with the leaders use of either reward or punishment contingent on the followers completion or non-completion of assigned tasks. Laissez-faire leadership involves indifference and avoidance as a leader with this profile will avoid making decisions, abdicate responsibilities, divert attention from hard choices, and will talk about getting down to work, but never really does (Bass, 1998, p. 148). Senge proposes that in learning organizations the leaders new work should include a commitment to: being the organizations architect; providing stewardship; and being a teacher. For schools to become learning organizations, the schools leader(s) must accept responsibility for creating conditions that promote and enhance that learning. Principals must create opportunities for teachers to acquire information about what is occurring in the school and engage them in finding solutions to the problems that occur. A fundamental difference between the old view of leadership and that proposed by Senge is that the leader has a responsibility to create opportunities for teachers to learn about current research and apply that research in their classrooms in an environment that promotes learning. Perhaps most important of all, principals need to create a climate that promotes risk taking and eliminates the fear of failure. If these things can be done successfully schools will then possess the capacity to develop a shared vision about what needs to be done and engage in the kinds of activities that are needed to make their shared vision a reality. Organizational Culture Organizational culture has been defined from various perspectives (Carroll and Nafukho, 2006; Popper and Lipshitz, 1995; Shien, 1990; Alvesson, 2002; Cook and Yanow, 1993; Adler and Jelinek, 1996; Argris, 1999). According to Marguardt (2002), culture is an organizations values, beliefs, practices, rituals and customs. The culture of a learning organization habitually learns and works to integrate processes in all organization functions. In effect, the learning organizations culture is constantly evolving and travels along an infinite continuum in a harmonious learning environment. Ultimately, the goal is an exchange of useful knowledge leading to innovation, and improved learning public organizations. The various terms used in the context of organizational culture are: values, ethics, beliefs, ethos, climate, environmental culture. Ethics refers to normative aspects to what is socially desirable. Values, beliefs: attitudes and norms are interrelated. Interaction between beliefs and values results in attitude formation and then produces norms. Values and benefits are the core, while attitudes are the next layer, followed by the norms or behavior. Then these get institutionalized, or when they accumulate and integrate we have social phenomena. The eight important values relevant to institution building are openness, confrontation, trust, authenticity, pro-action, autonomy, collaboration and experimentation. Openness: openness can be defined as a spontaneous expression of feeling and thoughts, and the sharing of these without defensiveness. Openness is in both directions, receiving and giving. Both these may relate to ideas (including suggestions, feedback (including criticism), and feelings. For example, openness means receiving without reservation, and taking steps to encourage more feedbacks and suggestions from customers, colleagues and others. Similarly, it means giving without hesitation, ideas, information, feedback, feelings, etc. openness may also mean spatial openness, in terms of accessibility. Confrontation: confrontation can be defined as facing rather than shying away from problems. It also implies deeper analysis of interpersonal problems. All this involves taking up challenges. Trust: trust is not used in the moral sense. It is reflected in maintaining the confidentiality of information shared by others, and in not misusing it. It is also reflected in a sense of a assurance that others will help, when such help is needed and will honor mutual commitments and obligations. Trust is also reflected in accepting what another person says at face value, and not searching for ulterior motives. Trust is an extremely important ingredient in the institution building processes. Authenticity: authenticity is the congruence between what one feels, says and does. It is reflected in owning up ones mistakes, and in unreserved sharing of feelings. Authenticity is closer to openness. The outcome of authenticity in an organization is reduced distortion in communication. Pro-action: pro-action means taking initiative, preplanning and taking preventive action, and calculating the payoffs of an alternative course before taking action. The term pro-act can be contrasted with the term react. Pro-activity gives initiative to the person to start a new process or set a new pattern of behavior. Pro-activity involves unusual behavior. In this sense pro-activity means freeing oneself from, and taking action beyond immediate concerns. A person showing pro-activity functions at all the three levels of feeling, thinking and action. Autonomy: Autonomy is using and giving freedom to plan and act in ones own sphere. It means respecting and encouraging individual and role autonomy. It develops mutual respect and is likely to result in willingness to take on responsibility, individual initiative, better succession planning. The main indicator of autonomy is effective delegation in organization and reduction in references made to senior people for approval of planned actions. Collaboration: Collaboration is giving help to, and asking for help from, others. It means working together (individuals and groups to solve problems and team spirit. The outcome of collaboration includes timely help, team work, sharing of experiences, improved communication and improved resource sharing. Experimenting: Experimenting means using and encouraging innovative approaches to solve problems, using feedbacks for improving, taking a fresh look at things and encouraging creativity. Personal Commitment Mowday, Steers and Porter (1979, p. 226), defined commitment as the relative strength of an individuals identification with, and involvement in a particular organization. Although many definitions of commitment have been presented since the seminal work of Mowday et al. (1979), it is the conception of Meyer and Allen (1991), which identifies three distinctive dimensions affective, normative, and continuance that has been the cornerstone of extant theorizing in the area of commitment (Herrbach, 2006). Mowday, Porter and Steers (1982) Model Commitment (Attitudinal Commitment), to an organization involves three components: (a) a strong belief in and acceptance of organizational goals and values, (b) a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization, and (c) a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization (Mowday et al., 1982). Research on organizational commitment has been examined primarily in relation to labour turnover (Ferris Aranya, 1983; Hom, Katerberg Hulin, 1979; Huselid Day, 1991; Mowday, Steers Porter, 1979; OReilly Caldwell, 1980; Wiener Vardi, 1980; Steers, 1977; Stumpf Hartman, 1984). Meyer and Allen (1997) Model Meyer and Allen (1997) view organizational commitment as a three component concept. The three components in their model are Affective, Continuous, and Normative. The affective commitment describes the emotional attachment an individual has with the organization, their identification with the goals and values of the organization and the level of their involvement (Zanagro, 2001). Affective commitment is taken as a construct closely related to identification (Bergami Bagozzi, 2000). Continuance commitment is based on the cost that an employee associates with leaving the organizations, such as reduction in pay, pension, benefits, or facilities (Herbiniak Alluto, 1972). Normative commitment is associated with employees feelings of obligation to continue employment due to the work culture and other socially accepted norms (Weiner Gechman, 1977). The less common approach to viewing commitment is in terms of obligation. Of the three components least is known about the development of norm ative commitment (Meyer Allen, 1997). The three dimensions highlight commitment from the perspectives of attachment, obligation, and necessity respectively. From the above conceptual framework, a model is drawn for better understanding. Organizational Culture Openness Confrontation Trust Authenticity Proaction Autonomy Collaboration Experimentation Leadership Transformational Transactional Laissez-Faire Personal Commitment Own Development Student Institutional Development Learning Organization Personal Mastery Mental Models Shared Vision Team Learning Systems Thinking Review of Literature Schools as Learning Organization Bowen et.al., 2007-Assessing the Functioning of Schools as Learning Organizations: Using data from the population of employees in 11 middle schools in North Carolina and building on an earlier analysis, this study examines the reliability and validity of a new assessment tool for assessing schools as learning organizations: the School Success Profile Learning Organization. The results align with the conceptual model that informed the development of the measure, including support for the two hypothesized learning organization components: actions and sentiments. Kelleher Michael, 2007 Learning Organization: The author designed a model for a learning organization: The model of the learning organization, with its three dimensional approach, proposes strategies within the domains of individual, team and organizational learning. He concluded by saying if lifelong learning is to become a reality, it will become increasingly important to ensure that strategies and actions support the development of learning organizations. If overlooked, the world of work could well be that area of peoples lives where learning is not explicit, supported and developed. Moloi K.C..et al., 2006 Educators perceptions of the school as a learning organization in the Vanderbijlpark-North District, South Africa: This article outlines the principal findings of research that sought to provide a comprehensive understanding of schools as learning organizations in the Vanderbijl Park-North District of the Gauteng province of South Africa. The quantitative research methodology used was of major importance in obtaining data that were grounded largely on the theoretical framework of learning organizations as wel